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Echinacea or Cone Flower (Echinacea angustifolia)
The Echinaceas are perennial herbs growing 1-5 ft high, with simple erect stems. The stem may be smooth or covered with coarse hairs. The leaves at the base of the stem are lanceolate (oval and pointed at both ends). They become progressively smaller towards the top of the stem. Leaves can be coarsely toothed. The flower-heads are cone-shaped and surrounded by a ring of bracts. The ray florets are slightly toothed and droop. They range in colour from purple, to pink, to white. Echinacea angustifolia has the narrowest leaves of all the echinaceas. It is the smallest growing from 6 to 20 inches in height. It has simple or branched stems which, are often covered in rough hairs. Leaves are oblong to lanceolate and are dark green in colour. Ray florets are mid purple - pink in colour. The rhizome (underground storage stem) is twisted, longitudinally furrowed, up to 1cm in diameter and greyish-to brown in colour when dried. A thin bark and a yellowish porous wood with black flecks cover it. The root and rhizome are used medicinally.
Echinacea thrives in rich, sandy soil. It is native to the northern USA and is now cultivated throughout Europe.
This plant has a stimulating action on the immune system. It has anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. Echinacea is also anti-inflammatory, vulnerary (healing to wounds), and stimulating to blood circulation.
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